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<Abstract>

A Study on the Combined Types of Taiji Patterns(Sam-il Taiji: ß²ìé÷¼Ð¿, Yin-Yang Taiji: ëäåÕ÷¼Ð¿) at the Gates(Outer 3-door Gate: èâß²Ú¦, Inner 3-door Gate: Ү߲ڦ) of Korean Hyang-gyo(úÁÎè)

                                      Woo, Silha (Korea Aerospace Univ.)

  ¡®Hyang-gyo(úÁÎè)¡¯ is the Confucian temple and school to teach local students in the Joseon Dynasty period. It is the National Institutes of Confucian Education.  There are two kinds of gates in ¡®Hyang-gyo¡¯. One is ¡®Outer 3-door Gate(èâß²Ú¦)¡¯ and the other is ¡®Inner 3-door Gate(Ү߲ڦ)¡¯. In general, each gate have 3 doors, many gates are decorated with various kinds of Taiji patterns.  
  Today, there are (1) 234  ¡®Hyang-gyo¡¯, (2) 228 ¡®Outer 3-door Gates(èâß²Ú¦)¡¯, and (3) 230 ¡®Inner 3-door Gates(Ү߲ڦ)¡¯ left in Korea. Of the 458 Outer or Inner 3-door gates, 361 gates have many kinds of Taiji patterns.
The results of the survey on the combined types of Taiji patterns on the total of 458 gates are as follows.

  First, the combined types of ¡®Yin-Yang Taiji(ëäåÕ÷¼Ð¿, )¡¯ and  ¡®Sam-il Taijiß²ìé÷¼Ð¿: , Three-in-one Taiji)¡¯ patterns were classified into 15 kinds of types.

  Second, among the 361 gates(excluding 97 gates without Taiji patterns), (1) the most common type is ¡®Type 8¡¯ which has ¡®3 Yin-Yang Taiji¡¯(196 gates, 42.79%), (2) ¡®Type 13¡¯ which has ¡®1 Yin-Yang Taiji¡¯ is the second one(77 gates, 16.81%), (3) and ¡®Type 1¡¯ which has ¡®3 Sam-il Taiji¡¯ is the third one(50 gates, 10.91%).

  Third, among the 361 gates, (1) 56 gates(15.51%) have ¡®3 Sam-il Taiji¡¯, (2) 67 gates(18.56%) have ¡®only 1-3 Sam-il Taiji¡¯, and (3) 83 gates(22.99%) have ¡®any pattern with Sam-il Taiji¡¯.

  Fourth, This situation shows that the Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty clearly recognized and used the ¡®Sam-il Taiji¡¯ as a distinct symbol from the ¡®Yin-Yang Taiji¡¯.

  Fifth, among the 361 gates (excluding 97 gates without Taiji pattern), (1) 198 gates(54.85%) have ¡®3 Yin-Yang Taiji¡¯, (2) 276 gates(76.45%) have ¡®only 1-3 Yin-Yang Taiji¡¯, and (3) 247 gates(68.42%) have ¡®any pattern with Yin-Yang Taiji¡¯.

  Sixth, in terms of regions, the proportion of the ¡®Yin-Yang Taiji¡¯ is relatively high in Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Kyungbu provinces. And the proportion of the ¡®Sam-il Taiji¡¯ is relatively high in Gangwon and Chungbuk provinces.

  In the end, ¡®Sam-il Taiji¡¯ and ¡®Yin-Yang Taiji¡¯ are coexisted on the gate of Hyang-gyo in Korea. And they were clearly distinguished as different symbols. Therefore, it is necessary to study ¡®Sam-il Taiji¡¯ in various fields which have not been studied in the past.

* Key words:  Hyang-gyo(úÁÎè), Yin-Yang Taiji(ëäåÕ÷¼Ð¿), Sam-il Taiji(ß²ìé÷¼Ð¿: Three-in-one Taiji), Outer 3-door Gate(èâß²Ú¦), Inner 3-door Gate(Ү߲ڦ), The World view of Trichotomy.
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